Análise do desempenho dos motores e das emissões utilizando biodiesel Neem e Jatropha
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Este documento analisa a produção de biodiesel a partir de espécies indígenas de óleos de Jatropha curcas e Neem (Azadirachta indica), juntamente com o desempenho do motor e características de emissão de misturas B10 a 1000 rpm. Os rendimentos da produção de biodiesel foram de 90% e 68% em peso de Jatropha curcas e Neem (Azadirachta indica), respectivamente. As três pré-misturas de biodiesel foram 10% Biodiesel do Neem (NB10), 10% Biodiesel do Jatropha (JB10) e 5% Jatropha + 5% Biodiesel do Neem (NJB10). O ensaio das emissões do motor mostrou menos produção de monóxido de carbono com NB10 (94 +- 2,15 ppm), seguido de JB10 (100 +- 2,44 ppm) e NJB10 (121+- 3,65 ppm) em comparação com o diesel (135+-2,18 ppm). Contudo, as emissões de dióxido de carbono foram mais elevadas devido às melhores características de combustão das misturas de biodiesel, tais como NB10 (3,21%), JB10 (3,06%) e NJB10 (2,53%) em comparação com o gasóleo (2,13%) em volume. As quantidades mais baixas de emissões de dióxido de enxofre (SO2) foram observadas com a mistura de biodiesel em comparação com o diesel mineral. As emissões de dióxido de azoto (NO2) eram de 5 ppm de gasóleo à temperatura de escape de 73C, enquanto aumentavam para 8 ppm através da utilização de biodiesel misturado com NB10 devido às elevadas temperaturas de escape de 85;33C. A potência e a carga do motor produzidos a partir das amostras de biodiesel misturado foram ligeiramente inferiores ao diesel convencional em 12% e 7,7%, respectivamente. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o desempenho do motor e a emissão de biodiesel Neem (NB10) foi melhor em comparação com outras misturas de biodiesel.
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