Salvaguarda do germoplasma para maçã emilia (Malus Communis l. Subsp. Reineta Amarilla de bBlenheim) atraves de cultivo in vitro
Barra lateral de artigos
Publicado:
2017-09-01
Palavras-chave:
Meio de cultura, fitohormonas, conservação botânica, micropropagação.
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Resumo
Manter a diversidade genética de materiais tradicionais e plantas nativas é de grande importância. O germoplasma da maçã Emilia foi salvaguardado, usando a técnica de cultura in vitro. Foram avaliados dois meios de cultura e seis concentrações para desinfecção; oito tratamentos para brotações, diferentes concentrações de 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) e quatro tratamentos para enraizamento com ácido indol butírico. Foi usado um DCA com análises fatorial 2 x 4 e seis observações. Foram avaliados: porcentagem de contaminação, oxidação, viabilidade, dias de broto, número de broto e altura de broto. Os tratamentos iguais e superiores a 10% de NaClO durante 10 minutos, deram valores adequados de não contaminação de explante. A maior porcentagem de explante vivo (77%) foi no tratamento de NaClO ao 10% por 15 minutos. As melhores respostas de dias de broto foram dos tratamentos sem influência de BAP. A melhor resposta em relação ao número de brotos, foi do tratamento de 1 ppm de BAP de meios de cultura (Murashige e Skoog modificado - MSM e Meio CHU 10 Modificado por Gerloff). A melhor resposta na altura do broto foi no tratamento CHU + 1 ppm de BAP. Os tecidos celulares da maçã Emilia apresentam alta contaminação microbiológica e oxidação de tecidos, o que dificulta a multiplicação com meio de cultura in vitro. As altas concentrações de BAP inibem respostas fisiológicas espontâneas de explantes de maçã Emilia, especialmente em estágios iniciais onde existe maior produção de efeitos hormonais intrínsecos
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Referências
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Fernández, E., Carvajal, I. y Pérez, A. 2009. In vitro bioaccessibility assessment as a prediction tool of nutritional efficiency. Nutrition Research, 29(11): 751-760.
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Verdeil, J., Alemanno, L., Niemenak, N. y Tranbarger, T. 2007. Pluripotent versus totipotent plant stem cells: dependence versus autonomy?. Trends in plant science, 12(6),245-252.
Xinyu, J., Lin, Z., Guanglin, L., Liang, Z., Xiujie, W., Xiaofeng, C., Xiaohua, F. y Fan, C. 2010. Identification of novel stress-regulated microRNAs from Oryza sativa L. Genomics, 95: 47–55.
Casas, J., Olmos, E., y Piqueras, A. 2010. In vitro propagation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Protocols for in vitro propagation of ornamental plants, 109-116.
Durham, R. y Korban, S. 1994. Evidence of gene introgression in apple using RAPD markers. Euphytica, 79(1-2), 109-114.
Engelmann, F. 2011. Use of biotechnologies for the conservation of plant biodiversity. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 47(1): 5-16.
Fernández, E., Carvajal, I. y Pérez, A. 2009. In vitro bioaccessibility assessment as a prediction tool of nutritional efficiency. Nutrition Research, 29(11): 751-760.
Forsline, P., Aldwinckle, H., Dickson, E., Luby, J., y Hokanson, S. 2003. Collection, maintenance, characterization, and utilization of wild apples of Central Asia. Horticultural reviews westport then New York, 29, 1-62.
Gagliardi, R., Pacheco, G., Carneiro, L., Valls, J., Vieira, M., y Mansur, E. 2003. Cryopreservation of Arachis species by vitrification of in vitro-grown shoot apices and genetic stability of recovered plants. CryoLetters, 24(2): 103-110.
Gao, X., Kuo, J., Jiang, H., Deeb, D., Liu, Y., Divine, G., y Gautam, S. 2004. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin: suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine production in vitro. Biochemical pharmacology, 68(1): 51-61.
Habiba, U., Reza, S., Saha, M., Khan, M. y Hadiuzzaman, S. 2002. Endogenous bacterial contamination during in vitro culture of table banana: Identification and prevention. Plant Tissue Cult, 12(2): 117-124.
Hawtin, G., Iwanaga, M. y Hodgkin, T. 1996. Genetic resources in breeding for adaption. In: Euphytica, 92: 255-266.
Iglesias, C. 2002. Pomología actual: el futuro de las variedades de manzano. Tendencias de la producción y de los intercambios comerciales de manzana a escala mundial y europea.
Itoiz, R. 2000. Caracterización de la colección de manzanos (Malus x Domestica, Borkh) del Banco de Germoplasma de la U.P.N.A. Evaluacion de su variabilidad. Tesis Doctoral. U.P.N.A. p 391.
Lara, L. 2010. Pillaro de ayer y hoy. Riobamba: Graficas Freire.
Madritch, M., Donaldson, J. y Lindroth, R. 2006. Genetic identity of Populus tremuloides litter influences decomposition and nutrient release in a mixed forest stand. Ecosystems, 9(4): 528-537.
Martin, K. 2003. Rapid in vitro multiplication and ex vitro rooting of Rotula aquatica Lour., a rare rhoeophytic woody medicinal plant. Plant Cell Reports, 21(5): 415-420.
Pooja, B., Vadez, V., Kiran, K. 2008. Transgenic approaches for abiotic stress tolerance in plants: retrospect and prospects. Plant cell reports, 27: 411–24.
Priolli, R., Mendes, C., Sousa, S., Sousa, N. y Contel, E. 2004. Soybean genetic diversity in time and among breeding programs in Brazil. Pesqui Agropecu Bras 39: 967-975.
Qi, Y., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Wang, M., Sun, J., Wei, X., Qiu, Z., Tang, S., Cao, Y., Wang, X. y Li, Z. 2006. Genetic diversity of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in China and the temporal trends in recent fifty years. Chin Sci Bull 51:681-688
Roussel, V., Leisova, L., Exbrayat, F., Stehno, Z. y Balfourier, F. 2005. SSR allelic diversity changes in 480 European bread wheat varieties released from 1840 to 2000. Theor Appl Genet 111:162–170.
Sakai, A. 1997. Potentially valuable cryogenic procedures for cryopreservation of cultured plant meristems In: M.K. Razdan, E.C. Cocking (Eds.), Conservation of plant genetic resources in vitro General aspects, vol. 1 (1997), pp. 53–66.
Senula, A. y Keller, E. 2000. Morphological characterization of a garlic core collection and establishment of a virus-free in vitro genebank, Allium Improv News 10 (2000) 3–5.
Swain, S. y Singh, D. 2005. Tall tales from sly dwarves: novel functions of gibberellins in plant development. Trends in plant science, 10(3): 123-129.
Towill, L., Forsline, P., Walters, C., Waddell, J. y Laufmann, J. 2004. Cryopreservation of Malus germplasm using a winter vegetative bud method: results from 1915 accessions. Cryo Lett. 25:323 – 334.
Tyagi, R., Agrawal, A., Mahalakshmi, C., Hussain, Z. y Tyagi, H. 2007. Low-cost media for in vitro conservation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and genetic stability assessment using RAPD markers. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 43(1): 51-58.
Verdeil, J., Alemanno, L., Niemenak, N. y Tranbarger, T. 2007. Pluripotent versus totipotent plant stem cells: dependence versus autonomy?. Trends in plant science, 12(6),245-252.
Xinyu, J., Lin, Z., Guanglin, L., Liang, Z., Xiujie, W., Xiaofeng, C., Xiaohua, F. y Fan, C. 2010. Identification of novel stress-regulated microRNAs from Oryza sativa L. Genomics, 95: 47–55.