Characterization of Andean wild fruit trees as an environmental conservation strategy in the eastern mountain range of páramo, Colombia

Abstract

The páramos are ecosystems between 3,2000 and 4,900 meters above sea level. Currently, in Boyacá, the páramos are undergoing mining, deforestation, cattle ranching, and conservation of various plant species, as well as the declaration of nature reserves that strengthen nature ecotourism. The objective of the research was to characterize trees, shrubs, and vines of native fruit tree species, as well as to record the status of the use of fruit-type plant species and the knowledge held by the community in the department of Boyacá. Transect methodologies were applied, with the creation of square plots according to the type of forest and shrub cover. Additionally, an inventory of fruit tree species was conducted, along with photographic records with identification by expert taxonomists and specialized botanical catalogs. As a result, 48 species were recorded in 14 botanical families among the identified plants. The most diverse family in number of genera and species is Ericaceae with 12 species, Rosaceae with 8 species, Solanaceae and Passifloraceae with 3 species, Myrtaceae with 2 species and 6 families with one species. Likewise, the categorization and community information processes were systematized in categories of ethnobotanical use, for example: medicinal, tinctures, juices and conservation. Other species with nutritional functions were identified, for which a descriptive photographic botanical catalog was prepared. Conclusion: It is important to educate the community, as well as organize paramo rangers, to allow the conservation, diversification and use of products and by-products of the páramo.