NEEM (Azadirachta indica JUSS.) EFFECT ON Bemisia tabaci GENNADIUS (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) AND ITS BIOLOGICAL CONTROLLERS IN MELON CROP Cucumis melo L.
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Published:
2016-12-31
Keywords:
Botanical insecticides, cucurbits, biological control, whiteflies
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Abstract
This research was carried out in Lodana, Santa Ana, Manabí from October to December of 2005, in order to determine the effect of neem compounds on the populations of Bemisia tabaci and their biological controllers in melon crop. It used a completely randomized block design whit a group arrangement with four repetitions. The treatments had aqueous extract from neem seeds in dosages of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g L?1 and formulated oil of neem seeds (INBIO- 75 R ) in dosages of 2,50; 5,00; 7,50 and 10,00 mL L?1 ; besides a chemical witness (Imidacloprid 1 mL L?1 ) and an absolute witness (applications of water) were included. Both the aqueous extract and the formulated oil, reduced the populations of eggs, nymphs and adults of B. tabaci, being the aqueous extract in dosage of 100 g L?1 the most effective treatment, although it was overcome by the chemical witness in the nymphs and adults control. With regard to the effect on the natural enemies, the neem compounds did not have influence on the predatory populations, in the case of parasitoids, their population was minor in the plots with neem. The chemical witness was the treatment that obtained the best result however the treatments with neem had superior yields than the witness treatment. The results of the test carried out in greenhouse, suggest the dissuasive effect of neem compounds on the oviposition of B. tabaci.
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Scientific Article
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References
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Cardona, C.; López-Ávila, A.; Valarezo, O. 2005. Colombia and Ecuador. In Whytefly and Whitefly-borne Viruses in the Tropices: Building a Knowledge Base for Global Action. Ed. Anderson, P. and Morales, F. CIAT. Cali CO. pp. 274-284.
Costa , J.; Margheritis, E.; Marsico, O. 1986. Introducción a la Terapeútica Vegetal. Buenos Aires, AR, Editorial Hemisferio Sur. p. 293.
El Shafie, A. 2001. The use of neem products for sustainable management of homopterous key pest on potato and eggplant in the Sudan. Thesis of Doctor in Agriculture. Giessen, GE. Universyty of Giessen. 115 p. URL (https://www.deutschedigitalebibliothek.de/binary/OKUBSAVKSTFELSJ667AQ2OQ5D2FDX6KC/full/1.pdf)
El-Sinary, N.; Rizk, A. 2002. Oviposition Deterrence and Other Biological Influences of Aqueous Leaves and Extracts of Neem, Colocasia, and Their Mixtures Alone or Combine with Gamma Radiation to Reduce the Risk of the Potato Tubermoth, Phthorimae operculella (Zeller). Pakistan Journal of Bioscience 5(9): 911-914. URL (http://198.170.104.138/pjbs/2002/911-914.pdf)
Feldhege, M.; Schmutterer, H. 1993. Investigations on side-effects of Margosan-O on Encarsia formosa Gah. (Hy, Aphelinidae), parasitoid of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. (Hom.; Aleyrodidae). Journal of Appl. Entomology 115: 37-42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00361.x
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Juarez, H.S., Amaro, J.R., Rivera, M.D., Párraga, A., and R.J. Hijmans. 2001. Efecto del Nitrógeno en el Tizón Tardío de la Papa. 11 p. Lima, PE. URL (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Henry_Juarez/publication/249962566_Efecto_del_Nitrgeno_en_el_Tizn_Tardo_de_la_Papa/links/00b4951e6f66217fc8000000.pdf)
Ktattack, M.; Khan, L.; Awan M.; Husain, A. 2001. Evaluation of some insecticidal combination and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Extracts Against Jassids and Whitefly on Cotton and Their Effect on the Yield. Pakistan Journal of Bioscience 4(4): 419-421.
Mendoza, J.; Valarezo, O.; Arias, M.; Quijije, R.; Cañarte, E.; Alcarez, V. 1995. Reporte de Ecuador In IV Taller Latinoamericano sobre Moscas Blancas y Geminivirus. Memorias. CEIBA. Zamorano, Honduras, 16-18 de octubre, 1995. 36(1):13-15. URL (http://bdigital.zamorano.edu/bitstream/11036/3667/1/10.pdf)
Prabhaker, N.; Toscano, N.; Henneberry, T. 1999. Comparison of Neem, Urea and Amitraz as Oviposition Supressants and Larvicides against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 92 (1): 41-45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/92.1.40
Price, J.; Schuster D. 1991. Effects of natural and synthetic insecticides on sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its hymenopterus parasitoids. Florida Entomologist 74(1): 60-68. URL (http://www.jstor.org/stable/3495240)
Schmutterer, H. 1990. Properties an potencial of natural pesticides from the neem tree. Annun. Rev. Entomol., 35: 271-297. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.001415
Sclar, C. 1994. Neem: mode of action of compounds present in extracts and formulations of Azadirachta indica seeds and their efficacy to pest of ornamental plants and no target species. URL (www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1994/sclar.html), consulta: 2 de abril del 2004.
Silva, L.; Bleicher, E. y Araujo, A. 2003. Eficiencia de Azadirachtina no controle de mosca branca en meloeiro sob condicoes de vegetacao e de campo. Horticultura Brasileira 21(2): 198-201. URL (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/%0D/hb/v21n2/a15v21n2.pdf)
Singh, Sh; Singh, P. 1998. Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Kernel Extracts and Azadirachtin as oviposition deterrents against the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbita) and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). Phytoparasitica 26(3): 1-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF02981434
Sponagel, K.; 1999. Presencia, estatus de peste y manejo de la mosca blanca del algodón (Bemisia tabaci) y de la mosca blanca del invernadero (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). Quito, EC, SESA. 51 p.
Stansly, P.; Liu, T. 1997. Selectivity of insecticidas to Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an endoparasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 87: 525-531. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017//S000748530041390
Steel, R. y Torrie J. 1988. Bioestadística. Principios y Procedimientos. Segunda Edición. MX 622 p.
Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E.; Navarrete, B. Guerrero, J.; Arias, B. 2008. Diagnóstico de la mosca blanca en Ecuador. La Granja 7(1): 13-20. URL (http://revistas.ups.edu.ec/index.php/granja/article/view/517/374)
Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E.; Navarrete, B.; Guerrero, J.; Arias, B. 2004. Las moscas blancas en el Ecuador: diagnóstico de su situación, impacto y enemigos naturales. Portoviejo, EC, INIAP-SESA-PROMSA. 37 p. (Manual No. 57).
Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E.; Navarrete, B. 2008. El nim: insecticida botánico para el manejo de plagas agrícolas. Portoviejo, EC, INIAP. 14 p. (Boletín Divulgativo No. 336).
Vietmeyer, N. 1992. Neem. A tree for solving global problems. Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development National Research Council. ISBN 0-309-04686-6. 53 p.
Cañarte, E. 2002. El nim Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) y su rol en la agricultura rentable del Ecuador. En Memorias XIX Reunión Latinoamericana de Maíz, Portoviejo, EC. 1 disco compacto, 8 mm.
Cardona, C.; López-Ávila, A.; Valarezo, O. 2005. Colombia and Ecuador. In Whytefly and Whitefly-borne Viruses in the Tropices: Building a Knowledge Base for Global Action. Ed. Anderson, P. and Morales, F. CIAT. Cali CO. pp. 274-284.
Costa , J.; Margheritis, E.; Marsico, O. 1986. Introducción a la Terapeútica Vegetal. Buenos Aires, AR, Editorial Hemisferio Sur. p. 293.
El Shafie, A. 2001. The use of neem products for sustainable management of homopterous key pest on potato and eggplant in the Sudan. Thesis of Doctor in Agriculture. Giessen, GE. Universyty of Giessen. 115 p. URL (https://www.deutschedigitalebibliothek.de/binary/OKUBSAVKSTFELSJ667AQ2OQ5D2FDX6KC/full/1.pdf)
El-Sinary, N.; Rizk, A. 2002. Oviposition Deterrence and Other Biological Influences of Aqueous Leaves and Extracts of Neem, Colocasia, and Their Mixtures Alone or Combine with Gamma Radiation to Reduce the Risk of the Potato Tubermoth, Phthorimae operculella (Zeller). Pakistan Journal of Bioscience 5(9): 911-914. URL (http://198.170.104.138/pjbs/2002/911-914.pdf)
Feldhege, M.; Schmutterer, H. 1993. Investigations on side-effects of Margosan-O on Encarsia formosa Gah. (Hy, Aphelinidae), parasitoid of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. (Hom.; Aleyrodidae). Journal of Appl. Entomology 115: 37-42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00361.x
InfoStat 2001. Sofware Estadístico. Versión 1.0. Manual del usuario. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. 241 p. infostat@agro.uncor.edu.
INIAP (Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, EC) 1994. Informe Técnico Anual. Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal., Sección Entomología. Portoviejo, EC., Estación Experimental Portoviejo. p. 8.
________. 1995. Informe Técnico Anual. Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal., Sección Entomología. Portoviejo, EC., Estación Experimental Portoviejo. p. 8-24.
________.1996. Informe Técnico Anual. Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal., Sección Entomología. Portoviejo, EC., Estación Experimental Boliche. p. 19.
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, EC.; Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, EC.; SICA. 2002. III Censo Nacional Agropecuario. Resultados Nacionales y Priovinciales. 1 disco compacto 8 mm.
Juarez, H.S., Amaro, J.R., Rivera, M.D., Párraga, A., and R.J. Hijmans. 2001. Efecto del Nitrógeno en el Tizón Tardío de la Papa. 11 p. Lima, PE. URL (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Henry_Juarez/publication/249962566_Efecto_del_Nitrgeno_en_el_Tizn_Tardo_de_la_Papa/links/00b4951e6f66217fc8000000.pdf)
Ktattack, M.; Khan, L.; Awan M.; Husain, A. 2001. Evaluation of some insecticidal combination and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Extracts Against Jassids and Whitefly on Cotton and Their Effect on the Yield. Pakistan Journal of Bioscience 4(4): 419-421.
Mendoza, J.; Valarezo, O.; Arias, M.; Quijije, R.; Cañarte, E.; Alcarez, V. 1995. Reporte de Ecuador In IV Taller Latinoamericano sobre Moscas Blancas y Geminivirus. Memorias. CEIBA. Zamorano, Honduras, 16-18 de octubre, 1995. 36(1):13-15. URL (http://bdigital.zamorano.edu/bitstream/11036/3667/1/10.pdf)
Prabhaker, N.; Toscano, N.; Henneberry, T. 1999. Comparison of Neem, Urea and Amitraz as Oviposition Supressants and Larvicides against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 92 (1): 41-45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/92.1.40
Price, J.; Schuster D. 1991. Effects of natural and synthetic insecticides on sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its hymenopterus parasitoids. Florida Entomologist 74(1): 60-68. URL (http://www.jstor.org/stable/3495240)
Schmutterer, H. 1990. Properties an potencial of natural pesticides from the neem tree. Annun. Rev. Entomol., 35: 271-297. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.001415
Sclar, C. 1994. Neem: mode of action of compounds present in extracts and formulations of Azadirachta indica seeds and their efficacy to pest of ornamental plants and no target species. URL (www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1994/sclar.html), consulta: 2 de abril del 2004.
Silva, L.; Bleicher, E. y Araujo, A. 2003. Eficiencia de Azadirachtina no controle de mosca branca en meloeiro sob condicoes de vegetacao e de campo. Horticultura Brasileira 21(2): 198-201. URL (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/%0D/hb/v21n2/a15v21n2.pdf)
Singh, Sh; Singh, P. 1998. Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Kernel Extracts and Azadirachtin as oviposition deterrents against the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbita) and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). Phytoparasitica 26(3): 1-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF02981434
Sponagel, K.; 1999. Presencia, estatus de peste y manejo de la mosca blanca del algodón (Bemisia tabaci) y de la mosca blanca del invernadero (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). Quito, EC, SESA. 51 p.
Stansly, P.; Liu, T. 1997. Selectivity of insecticidas to Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an endoparasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 87: 525-531. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017//S000748530041390
Steel, R. y Torrie J. 1988. Bioestadística. Principios y Procedimientos. Segunda Edición. MX 622 p.
Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E.; Navarrete, B. Guerrero, J.; Arias, B. 2008. Diagnóstico de la mosca blanca en Ecuador. La Granja 7(1): 13-20. URL (http://revistas.ups.edu.ec/index.php/granja/article/view/517/374)
Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E.; Navarrete, B.; Guerrero, J.; Arias, B. 2004. Las moscas blancas en el Ecuador: diagnóstico de su situación, impacto y enemigos naturales. Portoviejo, EC, INIAP-SESA-PROMSA. 37 p. (Manual No. 57).
Valarezo, O.; Cañarte, E.; Navarrete, B. 2008. El nim: insecticida botánico para el manejo de plagas agrícolas. Portoviejo, EC, INIAP. 14 p. (Boletín Divulgativo No. 336).
Vietmeyer, N. 1992. Neem. A tree for solving global problems. Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development National Research Council. ISBN 0-309-04686-6. 53 p.