Evaluación del contenido de metales en suelos y tejidos comestibles de Allium fistulosum L. cultivado en zonas cercanas al volcán Tungurahua.
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Publicado:
2020-08-28
Palabras clave:
Cadmio, cobre, ingesta de metal, metal biodisponible, cebolla de rama
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Resumen
El volcán Tungurahua, ubicado en la cordillera oriental de Ecuador, desde su reactivación en 1999 ha entrado en varias fases de actividad volcánica, produciendo emisiones de gas, cenizas y lava. Estas emisiones liberan una gran cantidad de metales a suelos cercanos que, en la actualidad, se emplean con fines agrícolas. La contaminación por metales puede provocar graves problemas para la salud humana; mientras que otros metales son necesarios como nutrientes, en la mayoría de los cultivos agrícolas. En esta investigación, se evaluó el contenido de metales en suelos agrícolas del cantón Quero, su biodisponibilidad y el contenido en el cultivo de Allium fistulosum L., con la finalidad de obtener información sobre el impacto de metales potencialmente contaminantes (cadmio, plomo, níquel, estroncio, cobalto, cobre y cinc) y nutrientes (potasio, magnesio, hierro y manganeso) sobre los cultivos. Para la estimación de metales totales en el suelo se realizó una digestión ácida; para metales biodisponibles se empleó una mezcla extractante (EDTA-Trietanolamina-CaCl2, pH 7) y para la cebolla de rama se realizó una calcinación seguida de digestión ácida. La cuantificación de los metales se realizó mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica (EAA) de llama o de horno
de grafito. Los resultados mostraron que el contenido de metales, tanto en las muestras de suelo como en cebolla de rama, estaba por debajo de los valores máximos permitidos en las normas locales para todos los metales estudiados; además, la ingesta del metal por la cebolla de rama fue independiente de la fracción biodisponible.
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Referencias
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Park, J. H. et al. (2011) ‘Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals’, Plant and Soil, 348(1–2), pp. 439–451. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y.
Rai, P. K. et al. (2019) ‘Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management’, Environment International. Elsevier, 125(November 2018), pp. 365–385. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067.
Rieuwerts, J. S. (2007) ‘The mobility and bioavailability of trace metals in tropical soils: A review’, Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 19(2), pp. 75–85. doi: 10.3184/095422907X211918.
Sasmaz, M. and Sasmaz, A. (2017) ‘The accumulation of strontium by native plants grown on Gumuskoy mining soils’, Journal of Geochemical Exploration. Elsevier, 181(June), pp. 236–242. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.08.001.
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Tankersley, K. B. et al. (2018) ‘Volcanic minerals in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico and their archaeological significance’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 17(November 2017), pp. 404–421. doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.11.027.
Tóth, G. et al. (2016) ‘Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety’, Environment International. The Authors, 88, pp. 299–309. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.017.
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AOAC (2006) Official methods of analysis Proximate Analysis and Calculations Moisture (M) Fruits, Vegetables, and their Products - item 107. Association of Analytical Communities. Reference data: Method 934.06 (37.1.10); NFNAP; WATER.
Arnalds, Ó. et al. (2007) Soils of volcanic regions in Europe, Soils of Volcanic Regions in Europe.
Battaglia, J. et al. (2019) ‘Autopsy of an eruptive phase of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) through coupling of seismo-acoustic and SO 2 recordings with ash characteristics’, Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Elsevier B.V., 511, pp. 223–232. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.042.
Bello, M. O. et al. (2013) ‘Characterization of domestic onion wastes and bulb (Allium cepa L.): Fatty acids and metal contents’, International Food Research Journal, 20(5), pp. 2153–2158.
Bornø, M. L., Müller-Stöver, D. S. and Liu, F. (2019) ‘Biochar properties and soil type drive the uptake of macro- and micronutrients in maize (Zea mays L.)’, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 182(2), pp. 149–158. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201800228.
Bravo Realpe, I. D. S., Arboleda Pardo, C. A. and Martin Peinado, F. J. (2014) ‘Efecto de la calidad de la materia orgánica asociada con el uso y manejo de suelos en la retención de cadmio en sistemas altoandinos de Colombia’, Acta Agronómica, 63(2), pp. 164–174. doi: 10.15446/acag.v63n2.39569.
Cabrera, J. ., Temporetti, P. and Pedrozo, F. (2015) ‘Trace metal partitioning and potential mobility in th e naturally acidic sediment of Lake Caviahue, Neuquén, Argentina’, Revista Clínica Las Condes, 26(2), pp. 217–222. doi: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2015.04.010.
Cargua Catagña, F. E. et al. (2017) ‘Analytical methods comparison for soil organic carbon determination in Andean Forest of Sangay National Park-Ecuador’, Acta Agronómica, 66(3), pp. 408–413. doi: 10.15446/acag.v66n3.52467.
Cavanagh, J. A. E. et al. (2019) ‘Cadmium uptake by onions, lettuce and spinach in New Zealand: Implications for management to meet regulatory limits’, Science of the Total Environment, 668, pp. 780–789. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.010.
Chen, Y., Shen, Z. and Li, X. (2004) ‘The use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals’, Applied Geochemistry, 19(10), pp. 1553–1565. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.02.003.
Choumert-Nkolo, J. and Phélinas, P. (2019) ‘Natural disasters, land and labour’, En: European Reviewof Agricultural Economics 47.1, 296-323.
Cortis, P. et al. (2016) ‘Chemical, molecular, and proteomic analyses of moss bag biomonitoring in a petrochemical area of Sardinia (Italy)’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(3), pp. 2288–2300. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5393-7.
Diaz., A. (2014) ‘METALES PESADOS, Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Valencia’, p. 25.
El, J. et al. (2019) ‘Distribution Coefficient and Metal Pollution Index in Water and Sediments: Proposal of a New Index for Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals’, Water.
Faithfull, N. T. ,Nigel T. . and Ferrando Navarro, A. C. (2005) Me?todos ana?lisis qui?mico agri?cola?: manual pra?ctico. Acribia. Available at: https://www.editorialacribia.com/libro/metodos-de-analisis-quimico-agricola-manual-practico_54383/ (Accessed: 19 August 2019).
Golia, E. E., Dimirkou, A. and Mitsios, I. K. (2008) ‘Influence of Some Soil Parameters on Heavy Metals Accumulation by Vegetables Grown in Agricultural Soils of Different Soil Orders’, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81(1), pp. 80–84. doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9416-7.
NIH (2016). ¿Qué es el magnesio? ¿Para qué sirve? NationalInstitutes of Health, U.S. Department ofHealth & Human Services.
Intawongse, M. and Dean, J. R. (2006) ‘Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract’, Food Additives and Contaminants, 23(1), pp. 36–48. doi: 10.1080/02652030500387554.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2004) ‘Soil-plant transfer of trace elements - An environmental issue’, in Geoderma. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.004.
Kabata-Pendias, A. and Sadurski, W. (2004) 5 Trace Elements and Compounds in Soil.En: Elementsand their compounds in the environment: Occurrence,analysis and biological relevance, 79-99.
Kazlauskaite-Jadzevi?e, A. et al. (2014) ‘The role of pH in heavy metal contamination of urban soil’, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 22(4), pp. 311–318. doi: 10.3846/16486897.2013.872117.
Khan, A. et al. (2015) ‘The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(18), pp. 13772–13799. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4881-0.
Khan, A. et al. (2019) ‘Heavy metals effects on plant growth and dietary intake of trace metals in vegetables cultivated in contaminated soil’, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Spring er Berlin Heidelberg, 16(5), pp. 2295–2304. doi: 10.1007/s13762-018-1849-x.
Lacalle, R. G. et al. (2018) ‘Brassica napus has a key role in the recovery of the health of soils contaminated with metals and diesel by rhizoremediation’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 618, pp. 347–356. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.334.
Linhares, D. et al. (2019) ‘Cobalt distribution in the soils of São Miguel Island (Azores): From volcanoes to health effects’, Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier B.V., 684, pp. 715–721. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.359.
Van Manen, S. M. (2014) ‘Perception of a chronic volcanic hazard: Persistent degassing at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua’, Journal of Applied Volcanology, 3(1), pp. 1–16. doi: 10.1186/s13617-014-0009-3.
Mitra, J., Shrivastava, S. L. and Rao, P. S. (2012) ‘Onion dehydration: a review’, Journal of Food Science and Technology. Springer, 49(3), p. 267. doi: 10.1007/S13197-011-0369-1.
Park, J. H. et al. (2011) ‘Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals’, Plant and Soil, 348(1–2), pp. 439–451. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0948-y.
Rai, P. K. et al. (2019) ‘Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management’, Environment International. Elsevier, 125(November 2018), pp. 365–385. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067.
Rieuwerts, J. S. (2007) ‘The mobility and bioavailability of trace metals in tropical soils: A review’, Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 19(2), pp. 75–85. doi: 10.3184/095422907X211918.
Sasmaz, M. and Sasmaz, A. (2017) ‘The accumulation of strontium by native plants grown on Gumuskoy mining soils’, Journal of Geochemical Exploration. Elsevier, 181(June), pp. 236–242. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.08.001.
SEMARNAT (2003) ‘Acuerdo que establece las reglas de operación para el otorgamiento de Pagos del Programa de Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos. Viernes, 3, 6-23. SGR. (2014). Programa de Prevención y Mitigación para Reducir el Riesgo por Diferentes Amenazas’, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.
Shabbir, A. et al. (2019) ‘Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash: A Magic Bullet to Attenuate the Prevailing Health Hazards’, in Plant and Human Health, Volume 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 99–120. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_3.
Sungur, A., Soylak, M. and Ozcan, H. (2014) ‘Investigation of heavy metal mobility and availability by the BCR sequential extraction procedure: Relationship between soil properties and heavy metals availability’, Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 26(4), pp. 219–230. doi: 10.3184/095422914X14147781158674.
Tangahu, B. V. et al. (2011) ‘A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation’, International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011. doi: 10.1155/2011/939161.
Tankersley, K. B. et al. (2018) ‘Volcanic minerals in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico and their archaeological significance’, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 17(November 2017), pp. 404–421. doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.11.027.
Tóth, G. et al. (2016) ‘Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety’, Environment International. The Authors, 88, pp. 299–309. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.017.
Vilanova, M. and Zamuz, S. (2008) «Descriptive analysisof wines from Vitis vinifera cv. Albariño». En:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88.5,819-823..
WHO (2012) ‘Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children’, World Health Organization.